Léxico Protomixteco / Proto-Mixtec Lexicon

Versión preliminar. / Preliminary version.

Última actualización en 2023-05-18. / Last updated 2023-05-18.

Abreviaciones / Abbreviations

adj.	adjetivo / adjective
adv.	adverbio / adverb
cuant.	cuantificador / quantifier
Mig	San Miguel el Grande (municipio en el distrito de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca)
MP	Magdalena Peñasco (municipio en el distrito de Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca)
núm.	número / numeral
prep.	preposición / preposition
pron.	pronombre / pronoun
s.	sustantivo / noun
SAY	San Andrés Yutatío (comunidad en el municipio de Tezoatlán de Segura y Luna, distrito de Huajuapan, Oaxaca)
vi.	verbo intransitivo / intransitive verb
vt.	verbo transitivo / transitive verb
Yolx	Yoloxóchitl (comunidad en el municipio de San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero)

Símbolos fonéticos / Phonetic symbols

	AFI / IPA
a	[a]; [ã] después de m, n o ñ, y antes de n final / [ã] after m, n or ñ, and before final n
ch	[t͡ʃ]
d	[ð]
dj	[θ]
e	[e]; [ẽ] después de m, n o ñ, y antes de n final / [ẽ] after m, n or ñ, and before final n
i	[i j]; [ĩ] después de m, n o ñ, y antes de n final / [ĩ] after m, n or ñ, and before final n
ɨ	[ɨ]; [ɨ̃] después de m, n o ñ, y antes de n final / [ɨ̃] after m, n or ñ, and before final n
j	[h x]
k	[k]
ku	[kʷ]
l	[l]
lj	[ɬ]
m	[m]
n	[n]; al final de una palabra, n simplemente indica nasalización / at the end of word, n simply indicates nasalization
nd	[ⁿd]
ñ	[ɲ j̃]
o	[o]; [õ] después de m, n o ñ, y antes de n final / after m, n or ñ, and before final n
r	[ɾ]
s	[s]
t	[t]
t	[tⁿ]
u	[u]; [ũ] después de m, n o ñ, y antes de n final / after m, n or ñ, and before final n
v	[β β̞ b v]
w	[w]
x	[ʃ]
xr	[ʂ]
y	[j ʒ]
ꞌ	[ʔ]

Tonos / Tones

á	[˥]	tono alto / high tone
ā	[˦]	tono casi-alto / semi-high tone
a	[˧]	tono medio / mid tone
à	[˨]	tono casi-bajo / semi-low tone
a̱	[˩]	tono bajo / low tone
ᴬ		tono alto flotante / floating high tone
ᴮ		tono bajo flotante / floating low tone
^Ø		tono flotante ausente / absent floating tone
^?		tono flotante incierto / uncertain floating tone

Léxico / Lexicon

*A

*a̱sɨ́n adj. Sabroso. / Tasty. [SAY; Mig asu̱nᴬ; MP asi̱ᴮᴬ; Yolx ya̱sín.]

*atu adj. Astringente. / Astringent. [Mig, SAY; MP achi; Yolx ‘tético / thetic’.]

*C

*cheche̱ s. Buche. / Crop, craw. [Mig yeja̱^Ø; MP jaja̱ᴮᴬ ~ jaja̱^Ø; SAY sása̱.]

*chee vi. Florecer. / Bloom. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*che̱e̱ vi. Llegar. / Arrive. [Mig, SAY, Yolx; MP kijaa̱.]

*che̱nu s. 1. Cuñada. 2. Nuera. / 1. Sister-in-law. 2. Daughter-in-law. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ja̱nu.]

*che̱tá ~ *sa̱tá ~ *ya̱tá [!] s. Espalda. / Back. [*che̱tá: SAY sa̱ta̱ᴬ. *sa̱tá: Yolx sa̱tá. *ya̱tá: Mig yata̱ᴬ, MP xata̱ᴮᴬ.]

*chetu̱ s. Taparrabos. / Loincloth. [SAY satiᴮ ‘pantalón / pants’; Yolx ‘calzón de manta / cotton pants’.]

*che̱tu̱ adj. Picoso. / Spicy. [SAY, Yolx; Mig jatu̱^Ø ‘doler’; MP jatu̱^Ø ~ jatu̱ᴮᴬ.]

*che̱tún s. Cajón. / Box. [Mig; MP jatnu̱ᴮᴬ ~ jatnu̱^Ø; SAY sa̱to̱^?.]

*che̱ꞌé s. Pie. / Foot. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY sa̱ꞌa̱^?.]

*che̱ꞌe̱ vi. 1. Quemarse (por el frío). 2. Rozarse. / 1. Be damaged by frost (of fruit). 2. Have a rash or graze. [Mig, MP; SAY saꞌa.]

*che̱ꞌo̱n núm. Quince. / Fifteen. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig xiaꞌu̱n^?.] *u̱chi̱ ‘diez / ten’ + *o̱ꞌo̱n ‘cinco / five’.

*chi̱í s. Abuelo. / Grandfather. [Yolx.]

*chi̱ká ~ *yɨ̱ká [!] s. 1. Costillas. 2. Lado. / 1. Ribs. 2. Side. [*chi̱ká: Mig jika̱ᴬ. *yɨ̱ká: MP xika̱ᴮᴬ ~ xika̱^Ø; SAY yi̱ka̱^?.]

*chi̱so [!] s. Pariente político. / In-law. [Mig chi̱sóᴬ; MP xri̱so; SAY xi̱djo; Yolx si̱so.]

*chi̱so [!] s. Carga. / Load. [Mig chi̱so^Ø; MP xri̱so; SAY xi̱djo.]

*chi̱tán s. Abuela. / Grandmother. [Yolx i̱stán.]

*chi̱ti s. Canal de riego. / Irrigation ditch. [Mig; MP ji̱chi ~ ji̱chí; SAY chi̱chi; Yolx ti̱chiì.]

*chitɨ̱ s. Tripas. / Intestines. [Mig jɨtɨ̱^Ø; MP jiti̱^Ø ~ jiti̱ᴮᴬ.]

*chi̱to s. Cama. / Bed. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx i̱sto.]

*chi̱to̱n s. Horno de tierra. / Earth oven, cooking pit. [Mig, SAY; MP jitnu̱^Ø ~ jitnu̱ᴮᴬ.]

*chiyo s., adv. El otro lado. / The other side. [MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*chi̱yó s. Comal. / Griddle. [Yolx; MP jiyo̱ᴮᴬ ~ jiyo̱^Ø; SAY xo̱o̱^?.]

*chi̱ꞌyɨ́ s. Hongo. / Mushroom. [Mig, Yolx; MP jiꞌi̱ᴮᴬ ~ jiꞌi̱^Ø; SAY xi̱ꞌi̱^?.]

*I

*i̱í adj. 1. Delicado, peligroso. 2. Sagrado. / 1. Fragile, dangerous. 2. Sacred. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY i̱i̱^?.]

*iku adv. Ayer. / Yesterday. [Mig, MP, Yolx.]

*iljo̱ s. Conejo o liebre. / Rabbit or hare. [Mig, MP; SAY ilo^?.]

*ini̱ s. Corazón. / Heart. prep. Dentro de. / Inside of. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ini̱ᴬ ~ ini̱^Ø.]

*isá s. Jilote, elotillo (mazorca tierna de maíz). / Immature ear of maize. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx lisá.]

*isí s. Cabello, pelo, pelaje. / Hair, fur. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*isu̱ s. Venado. / Deer. [Mig, Yolx; MP isu̱ᴮᴬ ~ isu̱^Ø ~ isu̱n^Ø.]

*ita̱ s. Flor. / Flower. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ita^?.]

*ite̱ s. Zacate, pasto, hierba. / Grass. [Mig, MP; SAY ita^?.]

*i̱ti̱ s. Herpes labial. / Cold sore. [SAY; MP ichi̱^Ø ~ ichi̱ᴮᴬ.]

*itu̱ s. Milpa, campo. / Cornfield. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ‘planta de maíz / maize plant’.]

*iyón s. Espina. / Spine. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*i̱yo̱n núm. Seis. / Six. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*Ɨ

*ɨɨn núm. Uno. / One. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ɨ̱ɨ̱n núm. Nueve. / Nine. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*K

*kaa vi. Subir (allá). / Go up. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*kaá vi. Resbalar. / Slip. [Yolx.]

*ka̱a s. Metal. / Metal. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx kaà.]

*kaa̱n vt. Perforar. / Perforate. [Yolx; Mig kaa̱n^?; MP kaa̱n^Ø ~ kaa̱nᴮᴬ; SAY kaanᴮ.]

*ka̱an vt. Acostumbrarse. / Be accustomed to. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kachin s. Frío. / Coldness. [MP; Mig kajinᴬ; SAY, Yolx ‘sereno / cold air’.]

*kaka, *chika vi. Andar, caminar. / Go, walk. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kaka̱ s. Cal. / Lime. [Mig, Yolx; MP kaka̱ᴮᴬ ~ kaka̱^Ø; SAY kaka^?.]

*ka̱ka̱n, *chi̱ka̱n vt. Pedir. / Ask for. [SAY; Mig kaka̱nᴬ, jikán^Ø; MP kaka̱n^Ø ~ kaka̱nᴮᴬ, jika̱n^Ø ~ jika̱nᴮᴬ.]

*kaku vi. Nacer. / Be born. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kana vi. Subir (aquí). / Come up. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*kana vt. Llamar. / Call. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kani, *cheni vt. Parar. / Stand, erect. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*kani vt. Pegar, golpear. / Hit. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx]

*kanɨ́ s. Baba. / Drool. [Yolx; Mig kánɨ́^Ø ‘viscoso / viscous’; MP ndute kánáᴬ; SAY ‘baboso / slimy’.]

*ka̱sén [!] vi. Estornudar. / Sneeze. [Yolx; Mig kaxinᴬ; MP kaxre̱nᴮᴬ ~ kaxri̱nᴮᴬ SAY kadjoᴮ.]

*kasu̱n vi. Tostarse. / Be toasted. [Mig, MP; SAY kadjoᴮ; Yolx ‘freirse / be fried’.]

*kata, *chita vt. Cantar. / Sing. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kate, *chete vt. Escarbar, cavar. / Dig. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kati̱ vt. Decir. / Say. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY kachiᴮ.]

*ka̱tí s. Algodón. / Cotton. [Mig, Yolx; MP kachi̱ᴮᴬ ~ kachi̱^Ø; SAY ka̱chi̱^?.]

*katɨ́ s. Sombra. / Shadow. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig katɨ^?.]

*kawá s. Peñasco. / Cliff. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ‘cueva / cave’.]

*ka̱wa̱ s. 1. Hiel, bilis. 2. Vesícula biliar. / 1. Bile. 2. Gallbladder. [Mig, Yolx; MP kava̱ᴮᴬ; SAY ka̱o̱^?.]

*kaꞌá s. Nalgas. / Buttocks. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx ‘ano / anus’.]

*kaꞌán vt. Pensar. / Think. [MP, SAY.]

*kaꞌán-ndiche vt. Creer. / Believe. [Mig, MP kandíja; SAY kandísa.] *kaꞌán ‘pensar / think’ + *ndiche ‘cierto / true’.

*ka̱ꞌa̱n vi. Hablar. / Speak. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kaꞌnde̱ vt. Cortar. / Cut. [Mig, Yolx; MP kaꞌnde̱^Ø ~ kaꞌnde̱ᴮᴬ; SAY kaꞌndaᴮ.]

*kaꞌní s. Calor. / Heat. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig kaꞌni^Ø.]

*kaꞌwi vt. 1. Contar. 2. Leer. / 1. Count. 2. Read. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kaꞌwin, *cheꞌwin vt. Quemar. / Burn. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*keyi [!] vi. Bajar (allá). / Go down. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*keꞌyí [!] vt. Tocar. / Touch. [MP, SAY; Mig kéꞌéᴬ; Yolx ‘meter la mano / insert one’s hand’.]

*kisín [!] adj. Pegajoso. / Sticky. [MP, SAY; Mig kíxín; Yolx ‘pegamento / glue’.]

*kɨchi, *we̱chi vi. Venir. / Come. [Yolx; Mig kii, va̱ji ~ va̱i; MP kii, ve̱e; SAY kixi ~ kii, va̱xi ~ ve̱i.]

*kɨsɨ, vt., vi. Sacudir, temblar / Shake. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kɨtɨ́ s. Animal. / Animal. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kɨ̱wín [!] núm. Cuatro. / Four. [Mig kuu̱nᴬ; MP kuu̱nᴮᴬ; SAY ko̱mi̱^?; Yolx ku̱mí.]

*kɨ̱wɨ́ s. Día. / Day. [Mig, Yolx; MP kivi̱ᴮᴬ ~ kii̱ᴮᴬ; SAY ku̱u̱^?.]

*kɨ̱wɨn s. Venus. / Venus. [SAY; MP ki̱mi ~ ki̱mí.]

*kɨ̱ꞌwɨ ~ *kɨ̱wɨ [!] vi. Entrar. / Enter. [*kɨ̱ꞌwɨ: Yolx; SAY ku̱ꞌu. *kɨ̱wɨ: Mig, MP.]

*kono, *chino vi. Correr. / Run. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY kana kono.]

*kono vt. Tejer. / Weave. [Mig, MP.]

*ko̱ó s. Culebra. / Snake. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ko̱o̱^?.]

*koon vi. Bajar (aquí). / Come down. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx]

*ko̱so̱, *so̱ [!] vt. Regar. / Water. [Mig koso̱, josó^?; MP koso̱, xosóᴮ; Yolx ko̱so̱.]

*koto, *chito vt. Ver, mirar. / See, look at. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ‘mantener / look after’.]

*ko-to̱o̱n vi. Iluminar, brillar. / Shine, glow. [MP, SAY; Mig tuu̱n; Yolx tu̱u̱n.]

*ko̱yo vi. Caer. / Fall off, fall out. [Mig, MP, Yolx.]

*ko̱yon s. Carne. / Meat, flesh. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx kuñù.]

*koꞌo, *chiꞌi vt. Beber, tomar. / Drink. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig koꞌoᴬ, jíꞌi^Ø.]

*ko̱ꞌó s. Plato. / Plate. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ko̱ꞌo̱^?.]

*kuchi̱ s. Arco. / Bow. [MP kuji̱ᴮᴬ; SAY kúxi̱.]

*kue̱ka̱, *che̱ka̱ [!] vi. Suspirar. / Sigh. [Mig kuaka nu̱u ini̱; MP jaka̱, jaká; SAY sa̱ka̱, sáka̱.]

*kueku, *cheku vi. Llorar. / Cry, weep. [SAY, Yolx.]

*kue̱ku̱, *che̱ku̱ [!] vi. Reírse. / Laugh. [Mig, SAY, Yolx.]

*kueti, *cheti vi. Despedazarse. / Break into pieces. [Yolx; MIG sákuáchíᴬ ‘despedazar’; MP sakuéchíᴬ ‘picar en trozos pequeños’; SAY kuachi ~ chachi, chachi.]

*kue̱ti s. Culpa. / Guilt. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kueyen, *cheyen [!] vt. Comprar. / Buy. [Mig kuaan, jaan; MP kuaan, jaan; SAY kuiin ~ kueen, xiin ~ xeen.]

*kue̱ꞌé cuant. Mucho. / Many, much. [Mig, MP; SAY kua̱ꞌa̱^?.]

*kueꞌnu, *cheꞌnu vi. Crecer. / Grow. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*kue̱ꞌyi̱ s. Enfermedad. / Illness. [Mig, SAY, Yolx; MP kueꞌe̱ᴮᴬ ~ kueꞌe̱^Ø.]

*kui̱ka̱ s. Peine. / Comb. [SAY; Mig kuka̱^Ø; MP kuka̱ᴮᴬ ~ kuka̱^Ø; Yolx vi̱ka̱.]

*kuikon vi. Tener hambre. / Be hungry. [SAY; MP kokon.]

*kuiso, *chiso vt. Cargar. / Carry. [MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*kui̱so̱, *chi̱so̱ vi. Hervir. / Boil. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*kui̱ya̱ s. Año. / Year. [Mig, SAY; MP kuiya̱ᴮᴬ ~ kuiya̱^ø.]

*kuiyon s. Hinchazón. / Swelling. [Mig kuiñiᴬ; MP kueñu^Ø; SAY ‘reuma / rheumatism’.]

*ku̱ni̱ vt. Querer. / Want. [Mig, SAY; MP kuni̱^Ø ~ kuni̱ᴮᴬ.]

*ku̱si vi. Enmohecerse. / Go moldy. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx ku̱xiì ~ ku̱xì ‘musgo / moss’.]

*kuti, *chiti vi. Bañarse. / Bathe. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY kuchi, chichi.]

*kuti, *chiti vt. Masticar. / Chew. [Mig, MP; SAY kuchi, chichi.].

*ku̱ti, *chi̱ti vi. Madurar. / Ripen. [Mig, MP; SAY chi̱chi, chi̱chi.]

*kutu, *chitu vt. Chaponar (limpiar de malezas). / Weed. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ku̱u s. Incensario. / Incense burner. [MP.]

*kuwi vi. Poder. / Be able. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*ku-ꞌɨ̱ku [!] vt. Coser. / Sew. [Mig ki̱ku; MP ki̱ku; SAY ki̱ki; Yolx ki̱ku.]

*ku̱ꞌu̱ s. 1. Yermo, monte. 2. Maleza. / 1. Wasteland, wilderness. 2. Weeds. [Mig, Yolx.]

*ku̱ꞌwe s. Hermano del sexo opuesto. / Sibling of the opposite sex. [Yolx; Mig kua̱ꞌa; MP ku̱ꞌva ~ ku̱ꞌa; SAY ki̱ꞌo.]

*ku̱ꞌwe, *che̱ꞌe [!] vt. Dar. / Give. [Mig kua̱ꞌa, jaꞌa; MP kua̱ꞌa, wa̱ꞌa; SAY ki̱ꞌo ~ ke̱ꞌe, xi̱ꞌo ~ xe̱ꞌe.]

*ku̱ꞌwi̱ s. Hermana (de una hembra). / Sister (of a female). [Mig, SAY, Yolx; MP kuꞌu̱^Ø ~ kuꞌu̱ᴮᴬ.]

*L

*lakuá s. Pus. / Pus. [Mig lakuaᴬ; MP, Yolx ndakuá; SAY ndáko̱.]

*lɨɨ́ [!] adj. Liso. / Smooth. [Mig lɨɨᴬ; MP lii̠ᴮᴬ ~ ndii̠ᴮᴬ; Yolx lií ~ ndií.]

*lja̱ta s. Paloma. / Dove. [MP sa̱ta ~ sa̱tá; SAY la̱ta.]

*lje̱lje s. Vejiga. / Bladder. [MP; Mig tɨxe̱xe; SAY találá ~ tardjádjá ‘orinar / urinate’.]

*ljɨkɨ̱ s. Collar. / Necklace. [Mig, Yolx; MP siki̠^Ø ~ siki̠ᴮᴬ; SAY líki̠ ‘coscate (bolitas que cuelgan del pescuezo de los chivos) / wattle (balls on a goat’s neck)’, djíki̠ ‘collar / necklace’.]

*ljo̱ꞌo s. 1. Oreja. 2. Asa. / 1. Ear. 2. Handle. [Mig, Yolx; MP so̱ꞌo ~ so̱ꞌó; SAY djo̱ꞌo.]

*lju̱ꞌwén s. Cola. / Tail. [MP, Yolx; Mig suꞌma̱^?.]

*N

*nana vi. Volver a subir (aquí). / Come back up. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx ‘fotografiarse / be photographed’.] Cf. *kana.

*na̱wán s. 1. Amole. 2. Jabón. / 1. Soap plant. 2. Soap. [Mig, Yolx; MP nama̱ᴮᴬ ~ nama̱^Ø; SAY na̱ma̱^?.]

*nayán n. Chayote. / Chayote. / Sechium edule. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ti̱nei̱n.]

*naꞌá adv. Por mucho tiempo. / For a long time. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig náꞌáᴬ.]

*ndaa vi. Volver a subir (allá). / Go back up. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*nda̱á s. Ixtle (fibra de maguey). / Agave fiber. [Mig, Yolx; MP ndaa̱ᴮᴬ ~ ndaa̱^Ø; SAY nda̱a̱^?.]

*ndachí vt. Desatar. / Untie. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ndájíᴬ.]

*nda̱ka̱n vt. Reclamar. / Ask for (something) back. [SAY; Mig nandaka̱n ‘pedir otra vez / ask again’; MP ndaka̱n^Ø ~ ndaka̱nᴮᴬ.] Cf. *ka̱ka̱n.

*ndakua̱ s. Majahua, majagua (fibra que se obtiene de la corteza de cierta especie de árbol). / Fiber obtained from the bark of a certain type of tree. [Yolx.] Cf. *tɨ-yakua̱.

*ndawa vi. 1. Saltar, brincar. 2. Volar. / 1. Jump. 2. Fly. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx ‘caerse / fall’.]

*nda̱wa s. Viga, morillo. / Rafter. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx nda̱vaà.]

*ndaꞌá s. Mano, brazo. / Hand, arm. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ndaꞌwa̱ vt. Apagar. / Put out (a light). [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*nda̱ꞌwa̱ vi. Apagarse. / Go out (of a light) [MP, SAY, Yolx.].

*nda̱ꞌyu̱ vi. 1. Llorar. 2. Vocalizar (un animal). / 1. Cry, weep. 2. Vocalize (of an animal). [SAY; Mig ndaꞌi̱; MP kondaꞌyu̱ ~ kondaꞌyi̱.]

*nde̱wa s. Ortiga, chichicaste. / Nettle. [SAY; MP tnu̱ ndéva.]

*ndeyi [!] vi. Volver a bajar (allá). / Go back down. [MP, SAY; Mig nde̱e.]

*ndeyí [!] adj. Fuerte. / Strong. [MP; SAY ‘fuertemente; fuerza / strongly; strength’; Yolx ‘fuerza / strength’.]

*ndeyú s. Caldo, guisado, mole. / Soup, stew, mole. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ‘comida / food’.]

*nde̱ꞌyá s. Cereza, capulín. / Cherry. / Prunus spp. [Yolx; Mig ndeꞌe̱^? ‘fruta / fruit’; MP ‘durazno / peach’; SAY nda̱ꞌya̱ ‘durazno / peach’.]

*nde̱ꞌyu̱ s. Lodo. / Mud. [Mig, SAY, Yolx; MP ndeꞌyu̱^Ø ~ ndeꞌyu̱ᴮᴬ.]

*ndiche adj. Cierto, verdadero. / True. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*ndi̱chén ~ *ndu̱chén s. Sandalia, huarache. / Sandal. [*ndi̱chén: Yolx; Mig ndija̱n^?; MP ndija̱nᴮᴬ ~ ndija̱n^Ø; SAY ndi̱sa̱^?.]

*ndi̱chín s. Ala. / Wing. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY ndi̱xi̱^?.]

*ndiká s. Mamey. / Mamey sapote. / Pouteria sapota. [Yolx; Mig ndika^? ‘plátano / banana’; MP, SAY ‘plátano / banana’.]

*ndi̱ka s. Pecho. / Chest. [MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ndiko vt. Moler. / Grind. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ndi̱ko vi. Enfriarse. / Get cold. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ndi̱ti s. Ejote. / Green bean. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx ndichì.]

*ndi̱ꞌu̱ [!] pron. Nosotros, nos (exclusivo). / We, us (exclusive). [Mig ruu̱ ‘yo / I’; MP ruꞌu̱; SAY ndu̱ꞌu̱; Yolx ndu̱ꞌu̱ ‘nosotros (inclusivo) / we (inclusive)’.]

*ndɨchi vi. Regresar. / Come back. [Mig ndii; MP ndii; SAY ndixi ~ ndii.]

*ndɨkɨ́ s. Cuerno. / Antler. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx]

*ndɨkɨ́n s. Semilla pequeña (de algunas plantas). / Small seed (of some plants). [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ndɨkɨn^?.]

*ndɨsí s. Elote (mazorca de maíz fresca). / Fresh ear of maize. [SAY, Yolx; Mig ndɨxɨ^?; MP ndixrín ~ ndixrén.]

*ndɨ̱wɨ́ s. Huevo. / Egg. [MP, Yolx; Mig ndɨvɨ̱^?; SAY ndu̱u̱^?.]

*ndɨ̱yɨ s. Muerto. / Dead person. [MP, SAY; Mig ndɨ̱yi; Yolx ndiì.]

*ndɨ̱yɨ́ vi. Quemarse. / Be burned. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ndɨyɨ̱^? ‘vaporizarse / vaporize’.]

*ndɨꞌɨ adv., adj. Todo. / All. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*ndɨꞌɨ vi. Acabarse, terminarse. / Finish. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ndɨꞌɨ^?.]

*ndoko vi. 1. Acabarse (líquido). 2. Marchitarse (fruta). / 1. Run out (liquid). 2. Shrivel (fruit). [MP, SAY; Mig ndokon^? ‘detenerse crecer antes de madurarse / stop growing before ripening’; Yolx ‘filtrarse / leak’.]

*ndokó s. Fruta de cierto tipo. / Fruit of a certain type. [MP; Mig ndoko^?; SAY ‘chirimoya / cherimoya’; Yolx ‘guanábano / soursop tree’.]

*ndoo vi. Lavarse. / Be washed. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ‘limpio / clean’.]

*ndo̱ó s. Caña. / Cane. [MP, Yolx; Mig ndoo̱^?; SAY ndo̱o̱^?.]

*ndosó s. Seno. / Breast. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ndoso^?.]

*ndoto vi. Despertarse. / Wake up. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.] Cf. *koto.

*ndoꞌo vi. Sufrir. / Suffer. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*ndoꞌó s. Asa. / Handle. [MP; SAY ‘cola / tail’.]

*ndo̱ꞌo s. Adobe. / Brick. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ndo̱ꞌo s. Cordón. / Cord. [Mig.] Cf *yoꞌó.

*ndo̱ꞌó s. Tenate (canasta para tortillas). / Tortilla basket. [MP, Yolx; Mig ndoꞌo̱^?; SAY ndo̱ꞌo̱^?.]

*nduchen vi. Vomitar. / Vomit. [MP, SAY; Mig nduxian^?.]

*ndukú vt. Buscar. / Search for. [MP, SAY; Mig ndúkúᴬ.]

*ndute vi Derretirse. / Melt. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig nducha^?.]

*nduté s. Agua. / Water. [MP, SAY; Mig nducha^?.]

*ndutí s. Frijol. / Bean. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig nduchi^?.]

*nduwé s. Flecha. / Arrow. [MP; Mig ndua^?.]

*nduwe̱ s. Verdura. / Vegetable. [Yolx; Mig ndua̱^?; MP nduva̱ᴮᴬ; SAY ndio^?. MP, SAY, Yolx ‘guaje / Leucaena pod’.] Cf. *yuwe̱.

*nduwí adv. De día. / In the daytime. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ndúú.]

*neé [!] adj. Oscuro. / Dark. [Yolx; MP nee̠ᴮᴬ.]

*neyun vi. Hincharse. / Swell up. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig neñu^?.]

*neyún s. Mora. / Blackberry. / Rubus spp. [MP, SAY; Mig neñu^?.]

*ni̱no̱ adv. Abajo. / Down. [SAY, Yolx.]

*ni̱ꞌi adj. Firme, fuerte. / Firm, strong. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*ni̱ꞌí vt. Recibir. / Receive. [MP, SAY; Mig niꞌi̱^?.]

*nɨyɨ́n s. Mazorca de maíz seca. / Dried ear of maize. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig nɨñi^?.]

*nɨ̱yɨ́n s. Sangre. / Blood. [MP, Yolx; Mig nɨñi̱^?; SAY ni̱i̱^?.]

*nɨ̱ꞌɨ vi. 1. Temblar. 2. Zumbar. / 1. Shake. 2. Hum. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*noo vi. Volver a bajar (aquí). / Come back down. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig nuu^?.]

*no̱ꞌo s. Diente. / Tooth. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*nu̱ní s. Maíz (granos). / Maize (kernels). [MP, Yolx; Mig nuni̱^?; SAY no̱ni̱^?.]

*nu̱ú s. 1. Ojo. 2. Cara. / 1. Eye. 2. Face. [MP; Mig nuu̱^?; SAY no̱o̱^?; Yolx nu̱ū.]

*nu̱we̱n vi. Parar (la lluvia). / Stop (of rain). [MP, SAY; Mig numa̱^?.]

*nuwin vt. Abrazar. / Hug. [SAY, Yolx.]

*nu̱wín vi. Tener prisa. / Be in a hurry. [SAY; Mig núu; MP konuu̱ᴮᴬ ~ konoo̱ᴮᴬ.]

*nuꞌní vi. Calentarse. / Be heated. [MP ndanuꞌní ‘ser recalentado (tortillas) / to be reheated (of tortillas)’.]

*nuꞌni̱ s. Manojo. / Bundle. [MP; Mig nuꞌni̱^?; SAY noꞌni^?.]

*O

*o̱ko̱ núm. Veinte. / Twenty. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*o̱we̱ [!] adj. Amargo. / Bitter. [Mig ua̱^?; MP uwa̱^Ø ~ uva̱^Ø; SAY o̱va̱^?; Yolx u̱va̱.]

*o̱ꞌo̱n núm. Cinco. / Five. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*o̱ꞌwe̱ [!] adj. Salado. / Salty. [Mig uꞌa̱^?; MP uꞌwa̱; SAY o̱ꞌva̱; Yolx u̱ꞌva̱.]

*S

*saá adv. Así. / Thus, so. [MP.]

*sa̱á vi. Calentarse. / Be hot. [MP; SAY.]

*sachín s. Disentería. / Dysentery. [Mig sajinᴬ; MP sajin^Ø; SAY taxí níí ~ tachí níí.]

*sa̱chi̱n s. Sobrino. / Nephew. [SAY; Mig saji̱n^?; MP saji̱n^Ø ~ saji̱nᴮᴬ; Yolx xa̱xi̱n.]

*sawa cuant. 1. Medio. 2. Algunos. / 1. Half. 2. Some. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*sawan vt. Cambiar. / Swap, trade. [Mig, MP.]

*sa̱wan vi. Cambiar. / Be exchanged. [MP; Mig nasa̱ma ‘recambiarse / be replaced’.]

*sa̱wí s. Lluvia. / Rain. [MP, Yolx; Mig sau̱^?; SAY dja̱i̱^?.]

*sa̱wín s. Garza. / Heron. [Yolx; Mig samu̱^?; MP sami^Ø.]

*sa̱yu s. 1. Flema. 2. Catarro, gripa. / 1. Phlegm. 2. Cold, flu. [SAY; Mig sayu̱^?; MP sa̱yu ~ sa̱yú; Yolx sayù.]

*sa̱ꞌa̱n s. Idioma. / Language. [MP, SAY.] Cf. *ka̱ꞌa̱n.

*saꞌwán s. Tela. / Cloth. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig saꞌma^?.]

*sa̱ꞌya [!] s. Hijo. / Child. [Mig se̱ꞌe; MP sa̱ꞌya; SAY dje̱ꞌe; Yolx se̱ꞌe.]

*se̱e s. Mentón, barbilla. / Chin. [Mig xa̱a; Yolx xaà.]

*se̱yén [!] adj. 1. Filoso. 2. Feroz. / 1. Sharp. 2. Fierce. [Mig xaa̱nᴬ; MP xree̱nᴮᴬ; SAY dje̱e̱n^?.]

*se̱ꞌen s. Grasa. / Fat. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx xaꞌàn.]

*seꞌyí [!] s. Anillo. / Ring. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*se̱ꞌyi̱ [!] s. Axila, sobaco. / Armpit. [Mig chixeꞌe̱ᴬ; MP chi̱i xreꞌe̱ᴮᴬ ~ chi̱i xreꞌe̱^Ø; SAY ti̱i dje̱ꞌe̱; Yolx xe̱̱ꞌe̱.]

*sii̱ vi. Marchitarse. / Wither. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY djiiᴮ.]

*si̱kɨ́ [!] s. Loma. / Hill. [Yolx; MP siki̱ᴮᴬ, Jaꞌa̱ Ji̱kíᴮ (topónimo / place name).]

*siko núm. (Múltiplo de) veinte. / (Multiple of) twenty. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*siko̱ s. Olor. / Smell. [Mig, Yolx; MP xriko̱^Ø ~ xriko̱ᴮᴬ; SAY djíko̱.]

*si̱ko̱n s. Huipil. / Woman’s shirt [Yolx; MP xriki̱nᴮᴬ].

*si̱ku̱ s. Sobrina. / Niece. [Mig, MP; SAY dju̱ku̱; Yolx xi̱ku̱n.]

*si̱kuá [!] s. Ceja. / Eyebrow. [Mig suka̱^?; MP sukua̱ᴮᴬ.]

*si̱ní s. Cabeza. / Head. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY dji̱ni̱^?.]

*sisi̱ s. Tía. / Aunt. [MP, Yolx; Mig xii̱^Ø; SAY djidji^?.]

*si̱tá s. Tortilla. / Tortilla. [Mig staa̱^?; MP xrita̱ᴮᴬ ~ xrtaa̱ᴮᴬ ~ staa̱ᴮᴬ; SAY dji̱ta̱^?; Yolx i̱stá.]

*si̱tín s. Nariz. / Nose. [MP; SAY dji̱ti̱n^?; Yolx i̱stín.]

*sito̱ s. Tío. / Uncle. [MP; Mig stoo̱^?; SAY djito^?.]

*siyɨ́n s. Lado. / Side. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*si̱yo s. Falda. / Skirt. [MP, SAY; Mig xo̱o; Yolx xiyò.]

*sɨ̱kɨ s. Broma. / Joke. [Mig, SAY.]

*sɨꞌɨ́ s. Madre. / Mother. [MP, Yolx.]

*sɨ̱ꞌɨn s. Muslo. / Thigh. [SAY; Mig, Yolx ‘pierna / leg’; MP ‘pierna, pie / leg, foot’.]

*so̱ko s. Hambre. / Hunger. [Mig, MP; SAY djo̱kó; Yolx sokò.]

*so̱ko̱ s. Hombro. / Shoulder. [SAY, Yolx; MP koxrso̱kó ‘cargar al hombro / carry on the shoulder’.]

*so̱ó s. 1. Manta, cobija, sarape. 2. Cáscara, corteza. / 1. Cape, blanket. 2. Peel, shell, bark. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY djo̱o̱^?.]

*so̱ꞌnó / *so̱ꞌno̱ [?] s. Camisa de hombre. / Man’s shirt. [Mig suꞌnu̱^?; MP suꞌnu̱ᴮᴬ ~ suꞌnu̱^Ø; SAY djo̱ꞌno̱^?.]

*su̱che s. Resina. / Resin. [MP, SAY; Mig su̱sia.]

*su̱kún s. Cuello. / Neck. [MP, Yolx; Mig suku̱n^?; SAY dji̱ko̱^?.]

*su̱tu̱ s. Padre. / Father. [Mig sutu̱^? ‘sacerdote / priest’; MP sutu̱ᴮᴬ ~ sutu̱^Ø ‘sacerdote / priest’; SAY ‘sacerdote / priest’.]

*suwí s. Tamal de elote. / Fresh maize tamale. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig suu^?.]

*suꞌa [!] adv. Así. / Thus, so. [Mig sua; MP suꞌva; SAY djiꞌa; Yolx soꞌo.]

*T

*taán vt. Meter, echar (complemento plural). / Put in (plural object). [SAY, Yolx; Mig taan^?; MP tnaa̱ᴮᴬ.]

*ta̱an vi. Temblar (la tierra). / For there to be an earthquake. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*tache s. Relámpago. / Lightning. [SAY; Mig tajan^?; MP tajan^Ø ~ tnajan^Ø.]

*tachi vt. Dar. / Give. [Yolx; MP taa; SAY tei.]

*tachí vt. Conducir, expulsar. / Drive, send away. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig tájíᴬ.]

*taka̱ s. Nido de pájaro. / Bird’s nest. [Yolx; Mig taka̱^?; MP taka̱^Ø ~ taka̱ᴮᴬ; SAY táka̱.]

*ta̱ka̱ [?] s. Cincel. / Chisel. [Mig taka̱^?; MP taka̱^Ø; SAY ta̱ka̱^?.]

*tana vi. Gemir, quejarse. / Complain. [MP, SAY.]

*ta̱sú s. Caraira, quebrantahuesos. / Crested caracara. / Caracara plancus cheriway. [Mig tasu̱^? ~ tasu̱n^? [?]; MP tasu̱n^Ø ~ tasu̱nᴮᴬ.].

*tata̱ s. Maíz para sembrar. / Seed corn. [Mig tata̱^?; MP tata̱^Ø ~ tata̱ᴮᴬ; SAY tata^?.]

*ta̱tán s. Medicina. / Medicine. [MP, Yolx; Mig tana̱^?; SAY ta̱ta̱^?.]

*ta̱tí s. Viento. / Wind. [MP, Yolx; Mig tachi̱^Ø; SAY ta̱chi̱^?.]

*tatún s. 1. Arma de madera (bastón, lanza o macuahuitl). 2. Funcionario, agente. / 1. Wooden weapon (staff, spear or macuahuitl). 2. Official, agent. [MP, SAY; Mig tanu̱^?.]

*tawi vt. Asar. / Roast. [Mig, MP.]

*taya̱ adj. Flojo. / Loose. [Yolx; MP taya̱^Ø ~ taya̱ᴮᴬ ‘aflojarse / become loose’; SAY taya^?.]

*ta̱ꞌa s. Forúnculo. / Boil. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*taꞌni vt. Oler. / Smell. [MP; Mig taꞌni^?; SAY taꞌmi.]

*ta̱ꞌnu̱ [!] vi. Quebrarse (contra la veta). / Be broken (against the grain). [MP, SAY; Mig taꞌnu̱^?.]

*taꞌwí vt. Quebrar, partir. / Crack, split. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig táꞌú.]

*ta̱ꞌwí vi. Quebrarse, partirse. / Be cracked, split. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig taꞌu̱^?.]

*ta̱ꞌyɨ̱ s. Mata de calabaza, calabacera. / Squash plant. [Mig taꞌi̱^?; MP taꞌyi̱ᴮᴬ; SAY te̱ꞌe̱^?; Yolx te̱ꞌe̱ ‘guía / vine’.]

*tee vt. 1. Poner (en una superficie). 2. Hacer (tortillas). 3. Escribir. / 1. Put (on a surface). 2. Make (tortillas). 3. Write. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx ‘persignarse / cross oneself’.]

*tee̱n [!] s. Frente. / Forehead. [Mig chaa̱nᴬ; MP tnee̱^Ø ~ tnee̱ᴮᴬ; SAY taan^?.]

*teku̱, vi. 1. Vivir. 2. Oirse. / 1. Live. 2. Be heard. [Mig chakú^Ø; MP koteku̱ ~ teku̱; SAY katakiᴮ.]

*teni vi. Arrastrarse (por el agua). / Be washed away. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig tene^? ‘flotar / float’.]

*teté vi. Defecar. / Defecate. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig tété.]

*te̱ye [!] s. Hombre. / Man. [Mig cha̱a; MP te̱e; SAY, Yolx ta̱a.]

*te̱-yɨɨ́n [!] s. Sudor. / Sweat. [Mig tai̱n^?; MP tnaa̱ᴮᴬ; SAY te̱e̱n^? ~ te̱e̱^?.] *nduté ‘agua / water’ + *yɨɨ́n ‘piel / skin’.

*teyu̱ s. Asiento. / Seat. [Yolx; Mig teyu̱^?; MP teyu̱ᴮᴬ ~ teyu̱^Ø; SAY téi̱.]

*teꞌnde̱ [!] vi. Romperse. / Be broken. [MP; Mig teꞌnde̱^?; SAY ta̱ꞌnda̱.]

*te̱ꞌyá [!] s. Cáscara dura. / Hard shell. [Mig teꞌe̱ᴬ ‘pezuña / hoof’; MP teꞌya̱ᴮᴬ ‘pico / beak’; SAY ta̱ꞌya̱^? ~ ta̱ꞌi̱^?; Yolx te̱ꞌé ‘teconte / pumpkin container’.]

*te̱ꞌyu̱ vi. Pudrirse. / Rot. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig teꞌyu̱^?.]

*tii vi. Mojarse. / Get wet. [MP, Yolx.]

*tite̱ s. Cuajilote. / Cow okra. / Parmentiera aculeata. [MP chite̱ᴮᴬ ~ chite̱^Ø; SAY chíta̱; Yolx ‘plátano / banana’.]

*tití vi. Mamar. / Suckle. [Mig, MP, SAY.]

*tiyo s. Tepalcate, tiesto. / Potsherd. [Yolx; Mig chío ~ tɨchío; MP ti̱chiyo^Ø; SAY ti̱choo.]

*ti̱yó s. Parte superior del brazo. / Upper arm. [MP chiyo̱ᴮᴬ ~ chiyo̱^Ø; SAY cho̱o̱^? ‘parte superior de la espalda / upper back’; Yolx ‘brazo / arm’.]

*tiyon s. Trabajo. / Work. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig tiñu^? ‘cosa / thing’.]

*tiꞌi vt. Meter. / Put in. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ti̱ꞌyó vi. Cocerse. / Be cooked. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx chio̱ꞌó.]

*tɨ̱chin [!] s. Barriga, estómago. / Belly, stomach. [Mig, MP chi̱i; SAY ti̱xi; Yolx ti̱xin.]

*tɨɨn vt. Agarrar. / Seize. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*tɨ̱ɨn vi. Atorarse, pegarse. / Get stuck. [Mig, MP, Yolx.]

*tɨ̱ka s. Saltamontes, chapulín. / Grasshopper. [Mig, SAY; MP ti̱ka ~ ti̱ká; Yolx ti̱kaà.]

*tɨwɨ̱ vt. Soplar. / Blow. [Mig tɨvɨ̱^?; MP tivi̱^Ø ~ tivi̱ᴮᴬ; SAY tuuᴮ; Yolx ‘tocar (instrumento) / play (instrument)’.]

*tɨ-yakua̱ [!] s. Corteza de árbol. / Bark. [Mig tɨyakua̱^?; MP chakua̱ᴮᴬ ~ chakua̱^Ø.]

*tɨꞌwɨ vt. Chupar. / Suck. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY tuꞌu.]

*tɨꞌwɨ s. Terrón, manojo. / Lump, bunch. [MP; SAY tuꞌu.]

*tokó s. Cintura. / Waist. [Yolx; MP nuu̱ to̱kó ‘verija / groin’; Mig toko^? ‘barriga / belly’.]

*too s. Palmo, cuarta. / Span. [MP; Mig too^?.]

*to̱ón s. Tizne, hollín. / Soot. [MP; Mig tuu̱n^?; SAY to̱o̱^?.]

*totó s. Peña, roca. / Rock. [MP; Mig toto^?; SAY ‘tepetate’.]

*toyon vi. Esforzarse. / Struggle. [MP; Mig tuñu^? ‘moverse (el feto en el vientre) / move (the fetus in the womb)’.]

*toꞌon vt. Arrancar. / Pluck. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig tuꞌun^?.]

*tuku adv. Otra vez. / Again. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig tuku^?.]

*tute̱ s. Atole. / Gruel. [Yolx; Mig tucha̱ nuni̱^? ‘chileatole’; MP tute̱ ndu̱chí ‘guisado de frijol / bean stew’.]

*tu̱ti s. Tendón. / Tendon. [Mig, SAY; MP tu̱chi ~ tu̱chí; Yolx tu̱chiì.]

*tutu̱ s. Papel. / Paper. [Yolx; Mig tutu̱^?; MP tutu̱^Ø ~ tutu̱ᴮᴬ; SAY tuti^?.]

*tu̱tún s. 1. Oreja. 2. Esquina. / 1. Ear. 2. Corner. [Yolx; SAY ti̱to̱^?.]

*tutún s. Leña. / Firewood. [MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*tuwi vt. Picar. / Puncture. [MP, SAY; Mig tuu^?; Yolx tuu.]

*tu̱wí vi. Rodar. / Roll. [MP; Mig tuu^?; SAY ‘caer hacia adelante / fall forward’.]

*tu̱win s. Pluma. / Feather. [MP, SAY; Mig tu̱un; Yolx tu̱miì.]

*tu̱ꞌun s. Palabra. / Speech. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*U

*u̱che̱ núm. Siete. / Seven. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig usia̱^?.]

*u̱chi̱ núm. Diez. / Ten. [SAY, Yolx; Mig uxi̱^?; MP uxi̱.]

*u̱ne̱ núm. Ocho. / Eight. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig una̱^?.]

*u̱ni̱ núm. Tres. / Three. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig uni̱^?.]

*u̱wi̱ núm. Dos. / Two [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig uu̱^?.]

*uꞌwe [!] adj. Espeso. / Thick. [Mig uꞌa^?; MP uꞌva; Yolx uꞌwa.]

*u̱ꞌwi̱ adj. Dolorido. / Painful. [SAY; Mig uꞌu̱^?; MP uꞌvi̱^Ø ~ uꞌvi̱ᴮᴬ; Yolx ‘dolor / pain’.]

*W

*wa̱a̱ adj. Ruidoso. / Noisy. [Mig, SAY; MP kuvaa̱ ‘hacer ruido / make noise’.]

*wa̱ꞌa adj. Bueno. / Good. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*we̱yi [!] adj. Pesado. / Heavy. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx ve̱e.]

*weꞌyi [!] s. Casa. / House. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*wichí s. Piña. / Pineapple. / Ananas comosus. [Mig, SAY; MP vijín.]

*wikó s. 1. Época, temporada. 2. Fiesta. / 1. Time, season. 2. Holiday. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*wi̱kó s. Nube. / Cloud. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY vi̱ko̱^?.]

*wi̱ni s. Agua honda. / Deep water. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx mi̱niì.]

*wi̱no s. Epazote. / Mexican tea. / Dysphania ambrosioides. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx mi̱nuù.]

*wi̱si s. Cana. / White hair. [Mig, MP, SAY; Yolx vi̱xiì.]

*wi̱si̱ adj. Dulce. / Sweet [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*wi̱si̱n adj. Tibio. / Warm. [Mig, Yolx; MP vixri̱.]

*witin ~ *witan adv. Ahora. / Now. [*witin: SAY, Yolx; *witan: Mig, MP.]

*wi̱tú s. Leño, viga. / Timber, lumber. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY vi̱ti̱^?.]

*wi̱ꞌndé Nopal. / Prickly pear cactus pad (cladode). [Mig, Yolx; MP viꞌnde̱^Ø ~ viꞌnde̱ᴮᴬ; SAY vi̱ꞌnda̱^?.]

*Y

*yaa adj. Blanco. / White. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yaa̱ s. Canción, canto. / Song. [Mig, Yolx; MP xaa̱ᴮᴬ; SAY yaa^?.]

*ya̱á s. Ceniza. / Ash. [Mig, Yolx; MP xaa̱ᴮᴬ ~ xaa̱^Ø; SAY ya̱a̱^?.]

*yachín s. Jícara. / Gourd vessel. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yaka̱ s. Troje, granero. / Granary. [Mig, Yolx; MP xaka̱ᴮᴬ ~ xaka̱^Ø; SAY yáka̱.]

*yani̱ s. Hermano (de un macho). / Brother (of a male). [MP, Yolx; Mig ñani̱^?; SAY ñani^?.]

*ya̱tá s. Coa. / Digging stick. [Mig yata̱ káa^Ø; MP xata̱ káa^Ø; SAY ya̱ta̱^?; Yolx ‘tarecua’.]

*yatan vi. Tostarse. / Be toasted. [MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yatin adv. Cerca. / Close. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ya̱wán s. Hoja de mazorca, totomostle. / Corn husk. [Mig ñama̱^?; MP ñama̱ᴮᴬ ~ ñama̱^Ø; SAY ña̱ma̱^?; Yolx ndia̱má.]

*yawí s. Maguey, pita. / Agave. [MP, SAY; Mig yauᴬ; Yolx ‘órgano / cactus’.]

*yawi̱ s. Hoyo, agujero. / Hole. [Mig, Yolx; MP xavi̱^Ø ~ xavi̱ᴮᴬ; SAY yái̱.]

*yaꞌá s. Chile. / Chili pepper. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*ya̱ꞌa vi. Pasar. / Pass. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ja̱ꞌa.]

*yaꞌán s. Persona. / Person. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx ‘mujer / woman’.]

*yaꞌwi adj. Caro. / Expensive. [SAY, Yolx; Mig yaꞌu^Ø; MP xa̱ꞌvi].

*ya̱ꞌwi s. 1. Mercado. 2. Paga. / 1. Market. 2. Payment. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig yaꞌu^Ø.]

*yeꞌyi [!] vt. Rascar. / Scratch. [MP, SAY; Yolx iꞌin.]

*yɨɨ vi. Envejecer. / Get old. [MP; Mig yii^Ø.]

*yɨɨ́ s. Marido, esposo. / Husband. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig yiiᴬ.]

*yɨɨ́n s. Piel. / Skin. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ñii^?.]

*yɨ̱ɨ́n s. Sal. / Salt. [MP, Yolx; Mig ñii̱^?; SAY ñi̱i̱^?.]

*yɨkɨ́ s. Hueso. / Bone. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY yikí lásá.]

*yɨkɨ́n s. Calabaza. / Squash. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yɨni vi. Atardecer. / Get dark. [MP, SAY; Mig ini^Ø.]

*yɨtɨ̱n s. Bolsa. / Bag. [MP.]

*yɨ̱sɨ́ s. Hoja de aguacate. / Avocado leaf. [MP; Mig yisɨ̱ᴬ.]

*yɨyɨ̱ s. Coatí. / Coati. / Nasua narica. [Mig, Yolx; SAY yíyi̱.]

*yɨ̱ꞌɨ̱ s. Lobo. / Wolf. / Canis lupus. [Mig yiꞌi̱^Ø; MP xiꞌi̱^Ø ~ xiꞌi̱ᴮᴬ.]

*yokó s. Espiga de maíz. / Maize tassel. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY yoko^?.]

*yoko̱ s. 1. Panal de avispas. 2. Avispa. / 1. Wasp’s nest. 2. Wasp. [Mig; MP xoko̱ᴮᴬ; SAY yóko̱.]

*yo̱kó s. Vapor. / Steam. [Mig yoko̱^Ø; MP xoko̱ᴮᴬ ~ xoko̱^Ø; SAY yo̱ko̱^?; Yolx yo̱kó.]

*yonó s. Red. / Net. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ñunu^?.]

*yoo s. Cántaro. / Amphora. [SAY.]

*yo̱ó s. Luna. / Moon. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY yo̱o̱^?.]

*yosó s. Llano, llanura. / Plain. [MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yoꞌó s. 1. Bejuco, guía. 2. Mecate, reata. / 1. Vine. 2. Cord, rope. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yo̱ꞌó adj. Chueco. / Crooked. [Yolx; Mig yoꞌo̱^Ø; MP xoꞌo̱^Ø; SAY yo̱ꞌo̱^?.]

*yuché s. Hoja del pino. / Pine needle. [MP; Mig yuxaᴬ ~ yujaᴬ; SAY ta̱yúsá ‘ocote / pine tree’.]

*yuchén s. Masa. / Dough. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yukú s. Cerro, montaña. / Mountain. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yu̱ku vi. Gastarse. / Wear out. [MP.]

*yu̱ku̱ s. Hierba, planta. / Herb, plant. [Mig, SAY; MP xuku̱^Ø ~ xuku̱ᴮᴬ; Yolx ‘hoja / leaf’.]

*yukún s. Las Pléyades. / The Pleiades. [Mig, MP.]

*yuku̱n s. Fila, renglón. / Row, line. [Mig, Yolx; MP xuku̱nᴮᴬ ~ xuku̱n^Ø; SAY yíko̱.]

*yusí s. Heno, paxtle. / Spanish moss. / Tillandsia usneoides. [Mig; MP xuxrí(n); SAY yúdja̱.]

*yu̱te s. Río. / River. [Mig, SAY, Yolx; MP xu̱te ~ xu̱té.]

*yutí s. Polvo; harina. / Powder; flour. [Mig, MP; SAY yuchí ndúꞌú ‘pinole’.]

*yuti̱ s. 1. Casco, pedazo. 2. Cuchillo. / 1. Shard. 2. Knife. [Mig yuchi̱^?; MP xuchi̱ᴮᴬ ~ xuchi̱^Ø; SAY yúchi̱.]

*yutú s. Quiote (tallo del maguey). / Agave stalk. [MP; Mig yutu̱ yáu; SAY ta̱yu̱tí.]

*yutún s. Árbol. / Tree. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yu̱ú s. Piedra. / Stone. [Mig, MP, Yolx; SAY yu̱u̱^?.]

*yuu̱n s. Estado. / Polity. [MP; Mig ñuu̱^?; SAY ñoo^?.]

*yu̱ún s. Palma. / Palm leaf. [Yolx; Mig yuku̱ ñuu̱^?; MP ñuu̱ᴮᴬ ~ ñuu̱^Ø; SAY ño̱o̱^?.]

*yuwé s. Padre. / Father. [MP, Yolx.]

*yuwe̱ s. Verdura. / Vegetable. [Mig, Yolx; MP xuva̱ᴮᴬ ~ xuva̱^Ø; SAY yio^?.]

*yu̱wé s. Cera de abeja. / Beeswax. [MP, Yolx; Mig ñuma̱^?; SAY ño̱ma̱^?.]

*yuwí s. Petate, estera. / Mat. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yuwi̱ s. Arroyo. / Creek. [Yolx; MP xuu̱ ~ xuu̱ᴮᴬ; SAY yúu̱ ‘cañada / gully’.]

*yuwín s. Temporada seca. / Dry season. [Yolx.]

*yu̱yún s. Abeja. / Bee. [MP; Mig ndu̱xi ñuñu̱^? ‘miel de abejas / bee honey’; SAY ño̱ño̱^?; Yolx ‘miel / honey’.]

*yuꞌú s. Boca. / Mouth. [Mig, MP, SAY, Yolx.]

*yu̱ꞌu̱ [!] pron. Yo, me. / I, me. [SAY, Yolx.]

*yuꞌún s. Tierra, terreno. / Land, earth. [MP, SAY, Yolx; Mig ñuꞌu^?.]

*yuꞌu̱n s. Fuego. / Fire. [Yolx; Mig ñuꞌu̱^?; MP ñuꞌu̱^Ø ~ ñuꞌu̱ᴮᴬ; SAY ñóꞌo̱.]

*yu̱ꞌun s. Dios. / God. [MP; Yolx ‘sol / sun’.]

*yu̱ꞌwé [!] s. Helada, escarcha. / Frost. [Mig yuꞌa̱^Ø; MP xuꞌva̱ᴮᴬ; SAY yi̱ꞌo̱^?.]

*yu̱ꞌwe̱ s. Hilo. / Thread. [Yolx; Mig yuꞌa̱^Ø; MP xuꞌva̱ᴮᴬ; SAY yi̱ꞌo̱^?.]

*yu̱ꞌwe̱n s. Humo. / Smoke. [SAY, Yolx; Mig ñuꞌma̱^?; MP ñuꞌma̱^Ø ~ ñuꞌma̱ᴮᴬ.]